The method used for the purification of Indium is:
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Zone refining is the go-to method for producing ultra-pure elements used in the semiconductor industry. Remember key examples: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Gallium (Ga), and Indium (In).
Let's evaluate the given purification methods.
(A) van Arkel method: This is a type of vapour phase refining used for producing ultra-pure metals like Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr). It involves forming a volatile iodide compound. It is not the primary method for Indium.
(B) Liquation: This method is used to separate a low-melting point metal from higher-melting point impurities. While Indium has a very low melting point (157 °C), this method is generally used for removing less fusible impurities and doesn't achieve very high purity.
(C) Zone refining: This method is based on the principle that impurities are more soluble in the molten state of a metal than in its solid state. A molten zone is passed along a rod of the impure metal, sweeping the impurities to one end. This technique is extensively used to produce metals of very high purity, especially semiconductors like Germanium, Silicon, and Gallium. It is the most suitable and widely used method for purifying Indium to the high-purity levels required for its applications in electronics.
(D) Vapour phase refining: This is a general category of methods that includes the van Arkel method and Mond process (for Nickel). The metal is converted into a volatile compound, which is then decomposed to get the pure metal. Zone refining is not a vapour phase process.
Therefore, zone refining is the most appropriate method listed for the purification of Indium.
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