Question

The major difficulties that cause the instruction pipeline to deviate from its normal operation are: 

(A) Resource conflicts 
(B) Stack operation 
(C) Data dependency 
(D) Branch difficulties 
from the options given below: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. B and D only
• C. A, C and D only
• D. C and D only

Hint:

Instruction pipelining is affected by resource conflicts, data dependencies, and branch instructions. These need to be handled to improve pipeline performance.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

 

Step 1: Identify common difficulties in instruction pipelining. 
Instruction pipelining faces various difficulties that can cause it to deviate from its normal operation. These are typically caused by: 

- **Resource conflicts (A):** Occurs when different pipeline stages require the same resource, causing delays in the pipeline. 

- **Data dependency (C):** Happens when one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction, which can delay the execution. 

- **Branch difficulties (D):** Branch instructions can cause pipeline stalls as the pipeline may not know which instruction to fetch next until the branch condition is resolved.

Step 2: Explanation of other options. 
- **Stack operation (B):** While stack operations are essential for certain computations, they are not typically listed as a major difficulty in pipelining, as they are handled by specific stages in the pipeline.

Step 3: Conclusion. 
The correct answer is (3) A, C and D only, as these are the most significant difficulties in pipelining.