Question

Choose the correct option (use figures from the Oxfam India note for urban areas):

• A. Women’s average earnings in urban areas in casual work is 30% lower than that of men
• B. Men’s average earning in urban areas in self-employment is nearly 2.5 times that of earnings of women
• C. In casual work, women earn more in rural areas than in urban areas
• D. The difference in earnings of men and women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas is ₹3{,}500
• A. Between 20% and 25%
• B. Less than 15%
• C. Between 30% and 35%
• D. More than 35%
• A. 24 years
• B. 22.5 years
• C. 21 years
• D. 23.2 years
• A. Less than 5 crores
• B. Between 6 and 8 crores
• C. Between 10 and 12 crores
• D. More than 15 crores
• A. 2 : 7
• B. 3 : 10
• C. 5 : 9
• D. 1 : 3

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Extract the given urban figures (from the passage)
Self-employment (urban): Men = ₹16{,}000,\; Women = ₹6{,}600.
Regular/salaried (urban): Men = ₹19{,}800,\; Women = ₹15{,}600.
Casual (urban): Men = ₹9{,}000,\; Women = ₹5{,}700.
Step 2: Check each option carefully
(A) Percent lower in casual work \(=\dfrac{9000-5700}{9000}\times100=36.67%\), not 30%. \(\Rightarrow\) False.
(B) Self-employment ratio \(=\dfrac{16000}{6600}\approx 2.42\), i.e., “nearly 2.5 times.” \(\Rightarrow\) True.
(C) Passage gives no rural-vs-urban comparison for women’s casual earnings; cannot assert “women earn more in rural areas.” \(\Rightarrow\) Unsupported/False.
(D) Difference in regular jobs \(=19800-15600=₹4{,}200\), not ₹3{,}500. \(\Rightarrow\) False.
\[ \boxed{\text{(B) is correct; (A), (C), (D) are contradicted or unsupported by the given figures.}} \]

Answer 2

Step 1: Extract regular (urban) figures
SC/ST = ₹15{,}300;\; non-SC/ST = ₹20{,}300. Step 2: Compute percentage “more than” (base = SC/ST)
\[ %\text{more}=\frac{20{,}300-15{,}300}{15{,}300}\times 100 =\frac{5{,}000}{15{,}300}\times100 \approx 32.68% \] This lies between 30% and 35%. \[ \boxed{32.68%\;\text{(approximately)}\;\Rightarrow\;\text{Option (C).}} \]

Answer 3

Step 1: Identify principals from the passage (urban casual)
Man’s average \(P_m=₹9{,}000\); SC/ST average \(P_s=₹8{,}000\). Rate \(r=16%\) p.a. (simple interest). Step 2: Amount for the man in 20 years (SI: \(A=P(1+rt)\))
\[ A_m = 9000\left(1+0.16\times 20\right)=9000(1+3.2)=9000\times 4.2=₹37{,}800. \] Step 3: Equate SC/ST amount to this and solve for time \(t\)
\[ A_s = 8000(1+0.16t)=37{,}800 \;\Rightarrow\; 1+0.16t=\frac{37{,}800}{8{,}000}=4.725 \;\Rightarrow\; 0.16t=3.725 \;\Rightarrow\; t=\frac{3.725}{0.16}=23.28125\;\text{years}. \] Step 4: Choose the closest option
\(t\approx 23.28\) years \(\Rightarrow\) 23.2 years (Option D). \[ \boxed{t \approx 23.28\ \text{years}\;\Rightarrow\; \text{Option (D) } 23.2\ \text{years}.} \]

Answer 4

Step 1: Fix the two LFPRs from the passage Female LFPR (2004–05) \(= 42.7%\).
Female LFPR (2020–21) \(= 25.1%\).
Step 2: Back-calculate women population (2004–05) \[ \text{Women (2020–21)}=670\ \text{million}=1.24\times \text{Women (2004–05)} \] \[ \Rightarrow\ \text{Women (2004–05)}=\frac{670}{1.24}\approx 540.3226\ \text{million}. \] Step 3: Number of women \textbf{in the labour force each year} \[ \text{2004–05:} 0.427 \times 540.3226 \approx 230.7178\ \text{million}. \] \[ \text{2020–21:} 0.251 \times 670 = 168.17\ \text{million}. \] Step 4: Required difference \[ \Delta = 230.7178 - 168.17 \approx 62.5478\ \text{million} \approx 6.25\ \text{crore}. \] This is between 6 and 8 crores. \[ \boxed{\text{Between 6 and 8 crores (}\approx 6.25 \text{ crore)}} \]

Answer 5

Step 1: Let total female population be \(F\). Then total male population \(M=1.05F\). Step 2: Aged 15+ cohorts \[ \text{Females 15+}=0.72F,\qquad \text{Males 15+}=0.76M=0.76\times1.05F=0.798F. \] Step 3: With regular/salaried & self-employed jobs \[ \text{Females with jobs}=0.19\times 0.72F = 0.1368F, \] \[ \text{Males with jobs}=0.60\times 0.798F = 0.4788F. \] Step 4: Required ratio (Females : Males) \[ 0.1368F : 0.4788F = 0.1368 : 0.4788. \] Divide both terms by \(0.0684\): \[ \frac{0.1368}{0.0684} : \frac{0.4788}{0.0684} = 2 : 7. \] \[ \boxed{2:7} \]