Question:
The cohesive force of water molecules is of the magnitude of______ (Dixon and Jolly).
The cohesive force of water molecules is of the magnitude of______ (Dixon and Jolly).
Updated On: Jun 21, 2022
- 1-10 atm
- 10-15 atm
- 45-200 atm
- 15-45 atm
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The cohesive force of water molecules is due to hydrogen bonds amongst adjacent water molecules, which results in a tension or pull upto 100 atm (MacDougal, 1936) on the water column. Its theoretical value is about 15000 atm, but the measured value inside the tracheary elements ranges between 45 atm to 207 atm. (Dixon and Jolly, 1894).
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Concepts Used:
Active Transport
Active transport is a type of cellular transport in which molecules (such as glucose, ions, and amino acids) are transferred across a biological membrane to a place where there are already enough of them. As a result, molecules are moved across concentration gradients using chemical energy (for instance, ATP). Root hair cells and the small intestine wall are persistent active transport sites (villi).
Types of Active Transport:
There are two types of active transportation mechanisms such as;
Primary Active Transport
- The sodium-potassium pump, which transports Na+ and K+ into animal cells, is one of the most necessary pumps.
- The transport process is assorted as primary active transport since it uses ATP as an energy source.
- Also, there are the types of Primary Active Transporters:
- P-ATPase: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump, proton pump
- F-ATPase: mitochondrial ATP synthase, chloroplast ATP synthase
- V-ATPase: vacuolar ATPase
- ABC Transporter (ATP binding tape): MDR, CFTR, and so on.
Secondary Active Transport
- Primary active transport creates electrochemical gradients that store energy that can be released as the ions plunged their gradients.
- Secondary active transport harnesses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances in the opposite direction of their own gradients.