Somatic hybridization
Step 1: What is Totipotency?
Totipotency refers to the ability of a single plant cell to develop into a whole plant. This property is unique to certain plant cells and allows for plant regeneration through methods like tissue culture.
Step 2: How Totipotent Cells Work
In totipotent cells, all genetic information required for the development of the entire plant is retained. This allows these cells to differentiate into all types of plant tissues, leading to the formation of a complete plant.
Conclusion
Thus, the ability to generate a whole plant from a single cell is called totipotency.
Answer the following questions:
(a) [(i)] Explain how some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans but do not kill the Bacillus.
[(ii)] How is the above mechanism exploited for the production of Bt cotton plant by biotechnologists?
(b) [(i)] Explain how the amplification of gene of interest is done using PCR.
[(ii)] State two applications of the desired amplified fragment of DNA.
The basic scheme of the essential steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology is summarised below in the form of a flow diagram. Study the given flow diagram and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What is the technical term used for Step 4 in the above process?
(b) Which of the given two combinations of restriction enzyme should be used in Step 1? Justify your answer.
(i) EcoR I to cut the plasmid and Hind III to cut the alien DNA.
(ii) EcoR I to cut both the plasmid and alien DNA.
A bob of heavy mass \(m\) is suspended by a light string of length \(l\). The bob is given a horizontal velocity \(v_0\) as shown in figure. If the string gets slack at some point P making an angle \( \theta \) from the horizontal, the ratio of the speed \(v\) of the bob at point P to its initial speed \(v_0\) is :