What is Microalbuminuria ?
Microalbuminuria is when small amounts of albumin (a protein) leak into the urine (30–300 mg/day), indicating early kidney damage, often due to diabetes or hypertension. It’s detected through urine tests like the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and managed by controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and adopting a healthy lifestyle.
The output (Y) of the given logic implementation is similar to the output of an/a …………. gate.

In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of DNA is inserted at the EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies?