Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the reason behind the peasant's negative action towards his wife.
Step 2: Locating the Information in the Passage:
The passage clearly explains the cause of his behavior.
It states: "Under the effect of intoxication, the peasant lost good senses. He abused his beloved wife and quarrelled with his friends."
Step 3: Final Answer:
The direct cause of the peasant abusing his wife was the intoxication from drinking wine. This intoxication made him lose self-control and his "good senses," leading to his abusive behavior.