Some of the properties of the two species, $NO_3^-$ and ${H_3O^+}$ are described below. Which one of them is correct?
- Isostructural with same hybridization for the central atom
- Isostructural with different hybridization for the central atom
- Similar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures
- Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The correct answer is Option D) Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures
In \({NO_3 , H = \frac{1}{2} [ 5 + 0 - 0 + 1 ] = 3}\)
Thus, in \({NO^{-}_{3}}\), the central atom is sp2 hybridized and it has trifocal planar geometry.
In \({H_3 O^{+}}\) ,
\({H = \frac{1}{2} [ 6 + 3 - 1 +0 ] = 4 }\)
Thus, \(O\) is \(sp^3\) hybridised in \({H_3O^{+}}\) and \({H_3O^{+}}\) has pyramidal geometry due to the presence of one lone pair of electrons.
Approach Solution -2
The correct answer is Option D) Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structures
Real Life Applications
In agriculture, nitrates are utilised as fertilisers due to their high solubility and biodegradability. Salts of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are the principal nitrate fertilisers. For this use, many billion kilogrammes are generated each year.
The most common application for nitrates as oxidising agents is in explosives, where the quick oxidation of carbon compounds releases significant amounts of gases.
To get rid of air bubbles in molten glass and various ceramics, use sodium nitrate. Some metals are hardened using salt mixtures that are molten.
Nitrocellulose was also utilised to create films from nitrate. Nitrates, sometimes referred to as nitrovasodilators in the medical sector, are utilised in the prevention and treatment of heart attacks. Hydronium ions can be found in creams and gels for the skin. They may be used to treat skin disorders including acne, rashes, redness, and others while also restoring the skin's health.
Question can also be asked as
- Which of the following statements about NO3- and H3O+ is correct?
- NO3- and H3O+ have different hybridizations and structures. True or false?
- NO3- and H3O+ are isostructural. True or false? NO3- has sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar structure, while H3O+ has sp3 hybridization and pyramidal structure. True or false?
- What are the differences between the hybridization and structure of NO3- and H3O+? How do the hybridization and structure of NO3- and H3O+ affect their properties?
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle