Question

If you were the judge required to apply Rule A, you would decide that:

• A. As many lives must be saved as possible.
• B. If everyone cannot be rescued, then everyone must be left behind.
• C. A measure cannot be upheld at the cost of 50 lives.
• D. It must be left to those who are trapped to decide if they want half amongst them to be saved and leave the rest to die.
• A. A lottery to choose the 50 survivors excluding those diagnosed with terminal illnesses from participating in the lottery.
• B. A lottery to decide the 50 survivors with single parents of children below five years of age automatically qualifying to be rescued.
• C. The 50 youngest people should be rescued.
• D. None of the above.
• A. Permissible under Rules A and B.
• B. Impermissible under Rule A and B.
• C. Permissible only under Rule B.
• D. Permissible only under Rule A.
• A. Permissible under Rules A and B.
• B. Impermissible under Rules A and B.
• C. Permissible only under Rule A.
• D. Permissible only under Rule B.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Analyze Rule A

Rule A says: When a State undertakes any measure, the effects of the measure must be the same for all those who are affected by it.}
This implies a principle of uniformity and non-discrimination in execution of government measures.
No individual or group should be treated differently from others when the same rule is applied to all.

Step 2: Apply the Rule to the Facts

There are 100 mountaineers stranded.
Only 50 can be rescued due to helicopter limitations.
If only 50 are rescued, the measure (rescue) does not equally affect all; it divides the group arbitrarily.
According to Rule A, such a rescue operation would be legally unjustified, as its benefit (rescue) is not extended equally.

Step 3: Eliminate Incorrect Options

(a) Violates Rule A — saving "as many as possible" treats only part of the group equally, not all.
(c) Violates the equality principle — it focuses on consequence, not fairness.
(d) Delegating the decision to the trapped mountaineers is not a legal solution under Rule A — the State must apply the law equally.

% Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(b)}} \]

Answer 2

Step 1: Understand the Rules

Rule A: All affected persons must be treated equally in the effect of the measure.
Rule B: All affected persons must have an equal chance to benefit from the State's measure.

Step 2: Analyze Each Option

(a) Excludes terminally ill persons — this violates Rule B because not everyone has an equal chance. Also violates Rule A due to unequal impact.
(b) Gives automatic priority to one group — hence, not all have equal chance. Violates both Rule A and Rule B.
(c) Choosing based on age clearly discriminates by age — violates Rule A (not equal effect) and Rule B (not equal chance).

Step 3: Conclusion

None of the above satisfies Rule B without violating Rule A.
Therefore, the only correct choice is (d).

\[ \boxed{\text{(d)}} \]

Answer 3

Step 1: Understand the Nature of Lottery Selection

A lottery provides equal chance to all — this aligns with Rule B.
However, Rule A demands equal treatment — i.e., either everyone is saved or no one.
A lottery divides people unequally — some are saved, some are not — violating Rule A.

Step 2: Apply the Rules to the Scenario

Since a lottery maintains equal opportunity (everyone has an equal chance), it is valid under Rule B.
It does not satisfy Rule A’s condition of uniform benefit — hence not permissible under Rule A.

Step 3: Conclusion \[ \boxed{\text{(c)}} \]

Answer 4

Step 1: Understand the Proposed Government Action

The government says: Either save all or save none.
This means uniform effect on all — satisfying Rule A.
All affected persons are treated equally and identically.

Step 2: Apply Rule B as well

Rule B wants equal chance for all to benefit.
In this decision, no subgroup is given preference — hence, equal chance exists.
Therefore, it also complies with Rule B.

Step 3: Conclusion \[ \boxed{\text{(a)}} \]