Warning of a potential catastrophe in the Himalayas where the glaciers are melting at an alarming rate, UN chief Antonio Guterres on Saturday said the ongoing annual climate talks must respond to the needs of the developing nations, especially the vulnerable mountain countries that need urgent help.
Almost 240 million people depend on the glaciers and 10 major rivers, such as Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra, originate in the Himalayas. Another billion people living downstream of these rivers across eight countries, including India. are also dependent on the glacier-fed rivers.
Addressing a meeting with mountain countries at this year’s Conference of Parties (COP28), UNSecretary-General Gutterrs emphasized that nearly a third of Nepal’s ice had vanished in just over 30 years, and it was directly linked to greenhouse gas pollution that heats up the planet.
Guterres.who visited Nepal. including the Everest region. in October last week. called for developed countries to clarify the delivery of \(\$\)100 billion and produce a plan to double adaptation finance to \(\$\)40 billion a year by 2025. ”But those sums are dwarfed by the scale of what’s needed’ he said and advocated for reform in International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to better cater to the needs of developing countries like Nepal.
”So, we need the outcome of this COP to call for reform of the IFIs so that they reflect today’s world and are far more responsive to the needs of developing countries and for reform of the business models of the MDBs so that they can leverage far more private finance at reasonable cost to the developing countries”, he said. ”Unless there is a change in course. a catastrophe can be unleashed. The glaciers could disappear altogether. That means massively reduced flows for major Himalayan rivers,” he said.
Choose the incorrect statement:
Show Hint
- The ongoing annual climate talks must respond to the needs of the developing nations.
- 10 major rivers depend upon the Himalayan Glaciers.
- Nearly half of Nepal's ice has vanished in just over 30 years.
- Guterres advocated for reform in IFIs and MBDs.
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The primary reason for melting of glaciers in the Himalayan region is:
Show Hint
- the needs of the developing nations.
- the people living downstream of the rivers fed by glaciers.
- greenhouse gas pollution.
- the business models of the MDBs.
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The UN Chief Antonio Guterres is called for:
Show Hint
- annual climate talks.
- reform in IFIs and MDBs to better cater to the needs of developing countries.
- more private finance at reasonable cost to Nepal.
- a change in course.
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The word closest in meaning to 'possible' is:
Show Hint
- ongoing
- delivery
- potential
- financial
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Give one word for the following group of words: 'Weak and easily hurt physically and emotionally'
Show Hint
- catastrophe
- vulnerable
- dependent
- dwarf
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
image et ensuite répondez aux questions suivantes :
La protection de l’environnement est un sujet multigénérationnel. Préserver la planète des conséquences du réchauffement climatique est une inquiétude pour de nombreux citoyens du monde. Et pour s’assurer que les nouvelles générations adoptent les bons gestes, il est impératif de mettre en place un programme d’éducation à l’environnement dès le plus jeune âge. Comprendre les défis de la protection de l’environnement dès le plus jeune âge permet de sensibiliser les consciences.
L’éducation à l’environnement est essentielle pour faire évoluer les comportements. Elle apporte de nouvelles connaissances et offre aux jeunes la possibilité de devenir des acteurs de la transition écologique. Les jeunes ouvrent le dialogue à la maison, incitant ainsi les familles à devenir plus écoresponsables, à se mobiliser, à s’impliquer et à agir pour protéger la planète.
Dès le plus jeune âge, les enfants peuvent comprendre l’importance de préserver les ressources et de protéger l’environnement. De plus, l’éducation à l’écologie suscite souvent de la curiosité car cela touche à leur quotidien. Enseigner l’écologie dans le cadre scolaire permet d’assurer l’égalité dans la formation à la protection de l’environnement.
L’éducation à l’environnement peut mener à des apprentissages concrets. Par exemple, certaines écoles enseignent des pratiques agricoles plus vertueuses. Dans l’enseignement supérieur, cela peut concerner le développement d’entreprises respectueuses de l’environnement.
C’est pourquoi intégrer l’éducation à l’écologie dans les programmes scolaires de tous niveaux est essentiel pour un monde de demain plus durable. Elle permet d’offrir aux enfants une réelle formation, quels que soient leur milieu social et leur projet professionnel.
(concret – practical; vertueuses – ethical)- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- French
- Reading Comprehension
- Lisez le texte et répondez aux questions suivantes :
Ayant quitté le Jura, M. Vincent va suivre, vers Lyon, la vallée de la Saône. Sur son guide, il vient de lire : « Pays d’élevage; on y engraisse surtout les volailles; les poulets de cette région sont très appréciés. » N’est-ce pas l’occasion de faire un bon repas ? Justement, M. Vincent a grand appétit. Le voilà qui s’arrête dans une auberge de village; ayant pris place dans la salle que chauffe un gros poêle, il réfléchit un instant. Quels plats va-t-il commander ? « Pouvez-vous me servir une omelette et un demi-poulet rôti ? »
— Il m’est impossible de vous faire une omelette, lui dit l’aubergiste; les poules ne pondent pas cette saison-ci; il fait trop froid. Mais je vais vous servir un poulet dont vous me direz des nouvelles.
M. Vincent se remet en route… Mais est-ce l’effet du bourgogne, dont il a bu une bouteille ? Il a la tête lourde… il a envie de dormir… serait-il une légère ivresse ?- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- French
- Reading Comprehension
(1) In the heart of a bustling city, amidst the cacophony of traffic and the incessant buzz of urban life, there lies a sanctuary of tranquility — a sprawling public park that offers a respite from the daily grind. This park, with its verdant lawns and serene water features, attracts visitors from all walks of life, seeking solace and rejuvenation.
(2) A public park is an area of open space owned and maintained by the local government, providing recreational opportunities for citizens. Public parks are places of leisure integrated into the community and are generally considered safe places. They provide essential environmental, aesthetic, and recreational benefits to our cities.
(3) As the sun rises, joggers and fitness enthusiasts can be seen navigating the winding paths, their faces set with determination. Meanwhile, yoga practitioners find their own quiet corners, their movements graceful and meditative. The air is filled with the chirping of birds and the rustling of leaves, creating a natural symphony that soothes the soul.
(4) By midday, the park transforms into a lively gathering spot. Families spread out picnic blankets, sharing meals and laughter, while children chase each other across the grass, their joyous shouts echoing through the trees. Elderly couples sit on benches, reminiscing about days gone by as they watch the world go by.
(5) As dusk approaches, the park takes on a magical quality. The setting sun casts a golden hue over the landscape, and the water features glisten in the fading light. Street performers and musicians add to the enchantment, drawing crowds with their captivating acts. The park, now aglow with lanterns, becomes a haven for stargazers and dreamers alike.
(6) In this urban oasis, people find a connection with nature and one another, a reminder that amidst the chaos of modern life, moments of peace and tranquility are still within reach. Especially in cities, parks encourage native flora and fauna to thrive.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English Core
- Reading Comprehension
(1) Introduction : As the world grapples with climate change, renewable energy has emerged as a crucial solution. This case study aims to analyze the increasing use of renewable energy in India, its adoption across different sectors, and the implications for society and the environment.
(2) Methodology : A survey was conducted among households, businesses, and industries across various regions in India. Participants were asked about their primary source of energy (traditional fossil fuels or renewable energy) and the reasons for their preferences. The data was then analyzed to identify trends and patterns among different demographics and sectors.
(3) Survey Examination : The survey encompassed a comprehensive examination of energy consumption habits, not only focusing on the preferred sources of energy but also delving into the underlying motivations and influences guiding these choices. Beyond mere preference, participants were encouraged to articulate the reasons behind their selections, providing invaluable insights into the multifaceted nature of energy consumption.
(4) Results : The survey results revealed interesting insights into the energy preferences among different groups:
Demographic Preferences Table table
S. No. Demographic Preferences % Preferred Source Reasons for Preference 1 Households 62% Renewable Environmental concerns, cost savings, government incentives 2 Small Businesses 55% Renewable Cost efficiency, public image, sustainability 3 Large Industries 48% Renewable Long-term savings, corporate responsibility compliance 4 Rural Areas 71% Renewable Accessibility, reliability, local employment opportunities 5 Urban Areas 58% Renewable Environmental concerns, modern infrastructure, incentives (5) Implications for Interventions : By discerning the diverse preferences among different demographics, policymakers, and energy providers, one can tailor interventions to address specific needs. For instance, increasing government incentives and subsidies for renewable energy can encourage more households and businesses to adopt sustainable practices. Concurrently, efforts to improve the infrastructure for renewable energy can enhance its reliability and accessibility. By harnessing the insights gleaned from this study, stakeholders can collaboratively work towards building a cleaner and more sustainable future for generations to come.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English Core
- Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) In recent years, air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental and public health issues in India. Cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru often record Air Quality Indices (AQI) that fall into the ‘hazardous’ category, posing several health risks to their inhabitants. The thick blanket of smog that shrouds these urban areas is composed of harmful pollutants such as particulate material (PM 2.5 and PM 10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂). These pollutants originate from various sources including vehicular emissions, industrial activities and construction dust.
(2) The constant emission of pollutants from vehicles, industrial activities and construction works exacerbate the problem. Residents of these cities are often seen wearing masks and using air purifiers in a desperate attempt to mitigate the effects of polluted air. The ‘urban haze’ not only affects physical health but also impacts mental well-being. Studies indicate that prolonged exposure to high pollution levels can lead to respiratory issues, such as cardiovascular diseases and even cognitive decline.
(3) Furthermore, children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups. Children, with their developing respiratory systems, and the elderly, often with pre-existing health conditions, face the brunt of this environmental crisis. Schools frequently shut down during peak pollution periods, disrupting education and daily life. The economic cost of air pollution is staggering, with increased healthcare expenses and lost labour productivity. Businesses also suffer as employees’ health issues lead to increased absenteeism and decreased efficiency.
(4) Government initiatives, such as the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), aim at reducing air pollution levels across the country. However, these measures require robust implementation and public cooperation to be effective. Simple actions like reducing vehicle use, promoting public transportation and adopting cleaner technologies can significantly alleviate the situation. Additionally, the enforcement of stricter emission norms for industries and vehicles is crucial. Public awareness campaigns can play a pivotal role in encouraging others to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
(5) The role of technology in combating air pollution is also noteworthy. Innovative solutions such as air quality monitoring systems, green buildings and electric vehicles are gaining attraction. These technologies not only help in reducing pollution but also promote sustainable development. Urban planning that incorporates green spaces can also mitigate the effects of pollution by improving air quality and providing residents with a healthier living environment.
(6) As we navigate this challenge, it is imperative to remember that the solution lies not just in policy changes but also in the behavioural shifts of individuals. Embracing a lifestyle that prioritizes environmental health will pave the way for a cleaner, healthier India. Collective efforts and sustained commitments are crucial for ensuring breathable air for future generations. It is a shared responsibility that requires action from every segment of society, from policymakers to ordinary citizens.
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Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English Core
- Reading Comprehension
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