Read the following passage carefully:
(1) In recent years, air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental and public health issues in India. Cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru often record Air Quality Indices (AQI) that fall into the ‘hazardous’ category, posing several health risks to their inhabitants. The thick blanket of smog that shrouds these urban areas is composed of harmful pollutants such as particulate material (PM 2.5 and PM 10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂). These pollutants originate from various sources including vehicular emissions, industrial activities and construction dust.
(2) The constant emission of pollutants from vehicles, industrial activities and construction works exacerbate the problem. Residents of these cities are often seen wearing masks and using air purifiers in a desperate attempt to mitigate the effects of polluted air. The ‘urban haze’ not only affects physical health but also impacts mental well-being. Studies indicate that prolonged exposure to high pollution levels can lead to respiratory issues, such as cardiovascular diseases and even cognitive decline.
(3) Furthermore, children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups. Children, with their developing respiratory systems, and the elderly, often with pre-existing health conditions, face the brunt of this environmental crisis. Schools frequently shut down during peak pollution periods, disrupting education and daily life. The economic cost of air pollution is staggering, with increased healthcare expenses and lost labour productivity. Businesses also suffer as employees’ health issues lead to increased absenteeism and decreased efficiency.
(4) Government initiatives, such as the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), aim at reducing air pollution levels across the country. However, these measures require robust implementation and public cooperation to be effective. Simple actions like reducing vehicle use, promoting public transportation and adopting cleaner technologies can significantly alleviate the situation. Additionally, the enforcement of stricter emission norms for industries and vehicles is crucial. Public awareness campaigns can play a pivotal role in encouraging others to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
(5) The role of technology in combating air pollution is also noteworthy. Innovative solutions such as air quality monitoring systems, green buildings and electric vehicles are gaining attraction. These technologies not only help in reducing pollution but also promote sustainable development. Urban planning that incorporates green spaces can also mitigate the effects of pollution by improving air quality and providing residents with a healthier living environment.
(6) As we navigate this challenge, it is imperative to remember that the solution lies not just in policy changes but also in the behavioural shifts of individuals. Embracing a lifestyle that prioritizes environmental health will pave the way for a cleaner, healthier India. Collective efforts and sustained commitments are crucial for ensuring breathable air for future generations. It is a shared responsibility that requires action from every segment of society, from policymakers to ordinary citizens.
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Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
According to paragraph 1, what components make up the 'urban haze' that envelops Indian cities?
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Solution and Explanation
The writer refers to air pollution as a 'public health issue' in paragraph (1) because:
Show Hint
- it disrupts the daily activities of urban inhabitants.
- it leads to the closure of schools during peak pollution periods.
- it disrupts industrial activities and construction works.
%Correct answer \textbf{Correct answer: }\textbf{(A) it is a threat to the physical well-being of the people.} \bigskip - it disrupts industrial activities and construction works.
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Complete the analogy with one word from paragraph (2).
blanket : cover : : extended : \underline{\hspace{2cm}
blanket : cover : : extended : \underline{\hspace{2cm}
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- composed
- attempted
- declined
- prolonged
\bigskip
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Complete the following sentence suitably (Paragraph (2)):
"The prolonged exposure to high pollution levels leads to cognitive decline" indicates that it impacts ___.
"The prolonged exposure to high pollution levels leads to cognitive decline" indicates that it impacts ___.
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- mental health
- economic development
- respiratory functions
- mobility
\bigskip
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Provide one textual evidence with reference to paragraph (3), to prove the following:
"Children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups affected by air pollution."
"Children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups affected by air pollution."
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Solution and Explanation
Complete the following suitably with one advantage with reference to paragraph (4):
Implementing stricter emission norms for vehicles can help to ___.
Implementing stricter emission norms for vehicles can help to ___.
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Solution and Explanation
Assess the potential challenges and benefits of promoting public transportation as a solution to air pollution, as outlined in paragraph (4).
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Solution and Explanation
What is the significance of urban planning in mitigating air pollution according to paragraph (5)?
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Solution and Explanation
How does technology help in resolving the problem of air pollution?
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Solution and Explanation
Why does the author say that just the policy change is not the solution?
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Solution and Explanation
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage carefully :
(1) Introduction :In the digital age, social media has become an integral part of daily life, profoundly affecting how individuals interact and perceive the world. This case study aims to analyze the impact of social media on the mental health of different age groups in Indian society and explore the implications for overall well-being.
(2) Methodology : A survey was conducted among individuals across various age groups, ranging from teenagers to seniors, to determine their social media usage patterns. Participants were asked to indicate
the amount of time they spend on social media platforms and describe their feelings and experiences related to its use. The data was then analyzed to identify trends and patterns among different age demographics.(3) Survey Examination : The survey encompassed a comprehensive examination of social media habits, including not only the frequency and duration of usage but also the emotional and psychological effects of social media engagement. Participants were encouraged to articulate their experiences, providing invaluable insights into the multifaceted nature of social media's impact on mental health.
(4) Results : The survey results revealed interesting insights into social media usage and its effects on mental health among different age groups. Teenagers are deeply entrenched in exploring their self image and forming their identity. They are heavily reliant on their peer relationships and are vulnerable to the social aspects of online platforms to connect with friends and share experiences. As a result, their usage is higher that of other age groups.
(5) Implications for Interventions : By discerning the diverse effects of social media among different age groups, policy makers and mental health practitioners can tailor interventions to address specific demographic needs, e.g., educational campaigns aimed at teenagers could empower them to navigate social media more responsibly, while support groups for seniors can enhance their digital literacy and
reduce feelings of loneliness.(6) Conclusion : The survey outcomes serve as a roadmap for designing targeted interventions that not only cater to diverse demographic needs but also promote mental well-being. By harnessing the insights
gleaned from this study, stakeholders can collaboratively work towards building healthier online communities and promoting sustainable digital practices for generations to come.Answer the following questions, based on the above passage :
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English Core
- Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) Gossip. All humans partake in some form, despite the age-old adage, "If you have nothing nice to say, don't say anything at all." Whether it's workplace chatter, the sharing of family news or group texts between friends, it's inevitable that anyone who participates in the above, talks about other people.
(2) People tend to think of gossip as synonymous with malicious rumours, put-downs, or the breathless propagation of a tabloid scoop. But researchers often define it more broadly as "talking about people who aren't present," says an assistant professor of psychology. "It's something that comes very naturally to us" - an integral part of conversation, information sharing, and even community building.
(3) "It's not necessarily negative," adds a professor of psychology. "It can be positive or neutral." Some researchers argue that gossip helped our ancestors survive. Evolutionary psychologists first pioneered this idea, comparing gossip to the grooming primates engage in as a means of bonding.
(4) People are usually resistant to thinking about gossip as anything but bad. It is true that there are some types of gossip that should be avoided, such as gossip that is purely harmful and serves no purpose like mean comments on someone's way of dressing. In such a scenario no one benefits. Gossip can also be both active and passive. Active gossiping refers to directly sharing negative information about someone else. An active gossiper initiates the conversation and actively spreads it. Passive gossiping on the other hand involves more subtle behaviour like hinting, dropping suggestive comments or participating in gossip by listening without actively contributing, but still allowing the gossip to spread through their presence.
(5) It's interesting to note that gossiping also says something about relationships people have with one another. The act of gossiping often implies a level of trust and closeness with someone, which are key aspects of a good friendship.
(6) Research has found that gossip can stave off loneliness, while other studies have found it can facilitate bonding and closeness and serve as a form of entertainment. So, keep on talking. And when your conversation turns to gossip, as it inevitably will, remember that some good can come of it - with the right intentions, of course.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) Introduction: Humans are social creatures with a deep desire to interact with one another. Recent developments in technology have made it possible for billions of people worldwide to use cell phones to satisfy this need. The current study aims to analyse the impact of smartphone use among various categories of people in Kerala, India. The present study will provide an insight into the extent and magnitude of people's reliance on smartphones to communicate in this modern age and the dwindling nature of social relationships.
(2) Methodology: A google form created questionnaire was used to gather information on the subject from a sample of participants who were from various districts in Kerala, India.
(3) Survey Examination: Among the 131 study participants, 66 were men and the remaining 65 were women. For convenience, the study considered only the main purpose for which a smartphone is used by any given individual.
(4) Results:
Individuals differed in their interests and preferences regarding their choice of communication medium. Some preferred direct conversation, while others conveyed their messages through virtual mediums of communication, that did not involve any face-to-face interaction.
(5) Implications for Interventions: It was observed that individuals were interested in using their smartphones even when they were dining. This constant use can have several disadvantages such as reckless use of mobile phones, including prolonged hours of radiation exposure, over-calorie intake due to binge eating, leading to obesity, and other health problems. It is also a vital tool to achieve social progress.
The use of phones while travelling can sometimes detract from an individual's enjoyment of the serenity of the environment, the scenic beauty of picnic spots, and affect the way an individual behaves and interacts with his or her co-travellers.
(6) Conclusion: It is true that most of the population under different age and gender categories use smartphones every day, but there is no significant fall in the duration spent in direct face-to-face conversation with fellow beings, except in very few individuals. The majority of people agree that traditional face-to-face communication is more comfortable, reliable, and expressive than text messages, phone calls, or electronic mail.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Read the following extracts and answer the questions
"That young master is so proud of his skill to save life that he saves any life," the cook said contemptuously.
"It is the children of whom we must think," Yumi said sadly.
"What will be their fate if their father is condemned as a traitor ?"
They did not try to hide what they said from the ears of Hana as she stood arranging the day's flowers in the veranda near by, and she knew they spoke on purpose that she might hear.
(The Enemy)- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
The British officer's secretary sent word to the Maharaja through the dewan that the durai himself did not have to kill the tiger. The Maharaja could do the actual killing. What was important to the durai was a photograph of himself holding the gun and standing over the tiger's carcass. But the Maharaja would not agree even to this proposal. If he relented now, what would he do if other British officers turned up for tiger hunts?
Because he prevented a British officer from fulfilling his desire, the Maharaja stood in danger of losing his kingdom itself.
(The Tiger King)- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- Explain the working principle of three-phase induction motor with its advantages.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Electrical Machines
- What can we do to help prevent manual handling injuries in the workplace?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- First Aid and Safety
- Draw a diagram showing resistance in an AC circuit and the voltage and current waveform.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- AC Circuits
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of Dynamometer wattmeter? Write the different types of Dynamometer wattmeters.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Electrical Machines
- With the help of diagram, explain the working principle of capacitor start motor.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Electrical Machines