Question

What does the author BEST mean when he says, “We must discuss each question within the uncertainties that are allowed?”

• A. The uncertainties are limited by the nature of the answers sought.
• B. The uncertainties should be relevant to the question.
• C. We must be prepared to accept errors in the answers we seek.
• D. There is a finite set of uncertainties for any question.
• E. The question decides the amount of uncertainties that are allowed.
• A. Reasonable scepticism is the characteristic of a scientific mind.
• B. Reasonable discomfort with certainty is the path for progress.
• C. Progress involves questioning accepted truths.
• D. Science can never give a conclusive answer to a question.
• J. Doubting the established world order is the purpose of science.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

To understand what the author means by saying, “We must discuss each question within the uncertainties that are allowed,” we need to delve into the passage's context, which revolves around the theme of uncertainty and scientific inquiry. The author underscores that science is inherently uncertain, as scientific statements are approximate, and their degree of certainty varies. Thus, the author emphasizes that discussing questions involves navigating these uncertainties. 

Given this context, the correct interpretation is: We must be prepared to accept errors in the answers we seek. This interpretation aligns with the author's message that uncertainty and doubt are integral to scientific progress and learning. Acknowledging uncertainty implies accepting that errors and incomplete knowledge are part of the scientific process. This understanding fosters progress because it facilitates open inquiry and the continual testing of ideas.

The other options are less aligned:

• The uncertainties are limited by the nature of the answers sought. This suggests a constraint on uncertainties, which the author does not imply.
• The uncertainties should be relevant to the question. While true, this does not capture the essence of accepting potential errors.
• There is a finite set of uncertainties for any question. Implies limits on uncertainty, contrary to the passage’s message.
• The question decides the amount of uncertainties that are allowed. Suggests control over uncertainty, not supported by the passage.

Answer 2

The passage discusses the role of doubt and uncertainty in scientific and intellectual progress. It emphasizes that certainty is never achieved in science; instead, statements are understood in terms of probabilities and approximations. The essence of the passage is clear: progress requires us to entertain doubt and remain open to new evidence and ideas. This aligns with the option: "Reasonable discomfort with certainty is the path for progress." Here's why this option is the best description:

1. Emphasis on Uncertainty: The passage highlights that scientists operate under uncertainty, suggesting that complete certainty is unattainable and thus should not be the goal.
2. Necessity of Doubt for Progress: The author argues that allowing room for doubt is crucial for learning and questioning, which are essential for progress and innovation.
3. Living with Incomplete Knowledge: The passage underscores that most human actions are based on incomplete knowledge, which supports the idea of being comfortable with uncertainty to facilitate progress.

Other options focus on skepticism, questioning accepted truths, or the impossibility of scientific conclusiveness—each addresses aspects of the passage but do not capture its core message about the intrinsic value of doubt and uncertainty in progress as directly as the stated correct answer.