Progress of the modern sciences and reflection on method have led to the development of new fields of analysis in Renaissance Philosophy. Which among the following correctly trace the influence of a particular science on a particular philosopher's thought?
Show Hint
- Mathematics on Rene Descartes
- Mechanics on Thomas Hobbes
- Historical science on G.W.F. Hegel
- Biology and the evolutionary hypothesis on Francis Bacon
The Correct Option is A, B, C
Solution and Explanation
The question asks which pairings correctly show how developments in specific sciences influenced the philosophical method or ideas of particular thinkers.
Step 2: Evaluating each option.
(A) Mathematics on Rene Descartes:
Descartes’ philosophical method is deeply shaped by mathematics. He sought certainty and clarity similar to mathematical proofs, and his emphasis on deductive reasoning reflects mathematical influence. Hence, this pairing is correct.
(B) Mechanics on Thomas Hobbes:
Hobbes’ philosophy is strongly mechanistic. He explains nature, human behavior, and politics through motion, matter, and mechanical causation. This reflects the influence of mechanics and the new science of motion. Hence, this pairing is correct.
(C) Historical science on G.W.F. Hegel:
Hegel develops a philosophy of history where historical processes reveal the unfolding of Spirit and reason. His thought is inseparable from the systematic study of historical development, making this pairing correct.
(D) Biology and the evolutionary hypothesis on Francis Bacon:
Bacon’s work is mainly about inductive method and experimental science. The evolutionary hypothesis is much later and not a guiding scientific influence on Bacon’s philosophy. Hence, this pairing is incorrect.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct science–philosopher influence pairings are (A), (B), and (C).
Final Answer: (A), (B), (C)
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