Question:

Pathogenesis of oedema produces which of the following?
A. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
D. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
E. Decreased capillary permeability
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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Mnemonic for oedema: “PILO” → Permeability ↑, Inflow hydrostatic ↑, Low oncotic pressure, Obstruction of lymphatics.
Updated On: Sep 26, 2025
  • A, B and D only
  • C, D and E only
  • A, D and E only
  • C and E only
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Recall pathogenesis of oedema.
Oedema is abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissues. It results from imbalance of Starling forces and lymphatic drainage.
Step 2: Causes of oedema.
1. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure (A): Seen in hypoalbuminemia due to malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, or liver disease. This reduces the pull of fluid back into capillaries.
2. Increased capillary permeability (B): Occurs in inflammation, burns, or allergy. Plasma proteins leak out, increasing fluid shift into tissues.
3. Obstruction of lymphatic drainage (D): Seen in filariasis, tumor compression, or surgical removal of lymph nodes. Prevents removal of interstitial fluid.
Step 3: Exclude wrong causes.
- (C) Increased plasma oncotic pressure: Does not cause oedema; it would prevent it.
- (E) Decreased capillary permeability: Not a cause of oedema; instead, it reduces fluid leakage.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct answer is A (Decreased plasma oncotic pressure), B (Increased capillary permeability), and D (Obstruction of lymphatic drainage).
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