Optimal flight planning for a photogrammetric survey requires careful consideration of both side-lap and end-lap.
\begin{itemize}
\item End-lap (overlap between successive photographs along the flight line) is essential for stereoscopic viewing and 3D model generation.
\item Side-lap (overlap between adjacent flight lines) ensures complete coverage of the survey area without gaps and is also important for creating seamless mosaics and accurate elevation models.
\end{itemize}