Question

One of the unique features of Indian federalism is:

• A. Cooperative federalism with flexibility
• B. Absolute State autonomy
• C. Dissolution of transparency
• D. Absolute union autonomy

Hint:

Indian federalism is often described as "holding together" federalism, where a large country is divided into constituent units for administrative convenience, as opposed to "coming together" federalism (like the USA) where independent states come together to form a federation. This leads to a stronger central government.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Indian federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority (the Union government) and constituent political units (the State governments). However, it has several unique features that distinguish it from a classical federal system, leading to its description as 'quasi-federal' or a 'Union of States'.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's examine the options:
(A) Cooperative federalism with flexibility: This is a hallmark of the Indian system. The Constitution provides for cooperation and coordination between the Centre and the States to achieve common goals (e.g., through institutions like the GST Council). The Constitution is also flexible, with provisions that allow the Centre to take more power during emergencies, demonstrating a blend of rigidity and flexibility. This unique balance is a key feature.
(B) Absolute State autonomy: States in India do not have absolute autonomy. The Union List gives the central government exclusive powers on key subjects, and in case of a conflict between Union and State law on a concurrent subject, the Union law prevails.
(C) Dissolution of transparency: This is a negative attribute of governance and not a feature of any federal system.
(D) Absolute union autonomy: While the Union has strong powers, it does not have absolute autonomy. It must operate within the constitutional framework, which also guarantees powers and a sphere of influence for the States.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The blend of a strong central government with significant state powers, all working in a framework designed for cooperation and adaptability, makes "cooperative federalism with flexibility" a unique and defining feature of the Indian federal structure.