Question

On the basis of the data given below, discuss the shift in output and employment sector-wise, in India and China: \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline Sector & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Contribution to GVA (\%)} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Distribution of Workforce (\%)}
\hline & India & China & Pakistan & India & China & Pakistan
\hline Agriculture & 16 & 7 & 24 & 43 & 26 & 41
\hline Industry & 30 & 41 & 19 & 25 & 28 & 22
\hline Services & 54 & 52 & 57 & 32 & 46 & 35
\hline \end{tabular} \end{center}

Hint:

India’s workforce is concentrated in agriculture despite low productivity, while China shows better industrial contribution to GVA.

Answer 1

India: Agriculture contributes 16\% to GVA but employs 43\% of the workforce, indicating disguised unemployment. The services sector dominates GVA (54\%) with only 32\% of the workforce. China: A higher share of GVA comes from the industrial sector (41\%), with a balanced workforce distribution in services and industry sectors. Key Observation: India lags in industrialization compared to China, with a higher dependency on agriculture despite lower GVA contribution.