Mutations are caused due to:
- change in base sequence
- radiation mutagens
- chemical mutagens
- radioactive mutagens
The Correct Option is A
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
The mutation is referred to as the phenomenon that results in the alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome. This alteration happens in the sequence of nitrogenous bases present.
Eventually the mutation in the DNA are of two types:
-
Point mutation: In point mutation, a single base pair is replaced by another, which causes a change in the amino acids produced during translation. A classic example of this is sickle cell anemia. A single base-pair change in the gene that codes for the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin results in the production of valine instead of glutamine. Hence, this causes the red blood cells to change into sickle-shaped cells.
-
Frameshift mutation: In frameshift mutation, a base pair is either added or removed from the gene, which causes a complete alteration of the reading frame starting from the point of mutation. Nevertheless, if base pairs in the multiple of three are added or removed, this won’t affect the reading frame, but there will be a change in the number of amino acids produced..
Therefore, the correct option is ‘A’ i.e change in base sequence.
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Concepts Used:
Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Mutation
A Mutation is a change in the sequence of our DNA base pairs caused by numerous environmental stimuli such as UV light or mistakes during DNA replication. Germline mutations take place in the eggs and sperm and can be passed onto offspring, whereas somatic mutations take place in body cells and are not passed on.
Types of Mutations
There are three types of mutations, which are as follows:
Silent mutation
It refers to any change in DNA sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence in a protein or the functions that a protein performs. There is no phenotypic indication that a mutation has occurred.
Nonsense mutation
When there is a change in the sequence of base pairs due to a point mutation, that results in a stop codon. This leads to a protein that is either shortened or non-functional.
Missense mutation
A missense mutation occurs when a point mutation causes a change in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.
The mutation is caused by the following factors:
Internal Causes
When DNA copies incorrectly, the majority of mutations occur. Evolution occurs as a result of all of these mutations. DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. When a copy of DNA isn't flawless, it's called a mutation since it differs somewhat from the original DNA.
External Causes
When certain chemicals or radiations are used to break down DNA, it causes the DNA to break down. The thymine dimers are broken by UV radiation, resulting in altered DNA.