Monochromatic light passing through a prism will primarily undergo refraction and dispersion.
- Refraction occurs when light bends as it enters the prism from one medium to another.
- Dispersion occurs because the prism splits the monochromatic light into its constituent wavelengths, creating a spectrum. This is a result of the varying refractive indices for different wavelengths.
However, diffraction does not occur in this case because diffraction is a phenomenon that happens when light passes through narrow slits or edges, not through a prism.
Thus, the correct answer is diffraction.