Question

Write short notes on:
Mendel’s Laws

Hint:

Mendel's experiments on pea plants demonstrated predictable patterns of inheritance, forming the basis of classical genetics.

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel, known as the "Father of Genetics," proposed three fundamental laws of inheritance based on his experiments with pea plants:
1. Law of Dominance: When two different alleles are present, one (dominant) expresses itself, while the other (recessive) remains hidden.
2. Law of Segregation: Alleles segregate independently during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete carries only one allele for a trait.
3. Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits assort independently during gamete formation, leading to genetic variation.
Mendel's laws laid the foundation for modern genetics and helped in understanding heredity patterns in organisms.