Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

• A. A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV
• B. A - I, B - III, C - II, D - IV
• C. A - I, B - II, C - IV, D - III
• D. A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II

Hint:

For theory-matching questions in criminology, some pairs are fundamental to remember: Sutherland with Differential Association, Becker with Labelling Theory, and Lombroso with the Positive School. Knowing these key pairs can help you solve complex matching questions by elimination.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires matching major criminological and philosophical theories with their respective proponents.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's match each theory in LIST-I with its author in LIST-II.

A. Four Laws of Association: The ancient Greek philosopher I. Aristotle proposed the original laws of association (contiguity, frequency, similarity, and contrast) to explain how ideas are linked in the mind. These concepts later influenced associationist theories in psychology and criminology.
B. Theory of Differential Association: This is one of the most famous theories in criminology, stating that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others. It was proposed by III. Sutherland (Edwin Sutherland).
C. Theory of Labelling: This theory focuses on how the social response to an act, by labelling it as 'deviant', can lead individuals to internalize that label and continue their deviant behavior. A prominent sociologist associated with this theory is II. Howard Becker.
D. Integrated Theory of Anti-social Behaviour: There are many integrated theories. One such theory, which integrates concepts from various disciplines to explain crime, was developed by IV. Mathew Robinson.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching is:
A $\rightarrow$ I
B $\rightarrow$ III
C $\rightarrow$ II
D $\rightarrow$ IV
This corresponds to the option A - I, B - III, C - II, D - IV.