Question

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II 

LIST-I (Basic Laws)	LIST-II (Properties)
A. First Law of Thermodynamics	I. Concept of temperature
B. Second Law of Thermodynamics	II. Concept of internal energy
C. Third Law of Thermodynamics	III. Concept of entropy
D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	IV. Nernst Theorem

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I
• B. A - I, B - III, C - II, D - IV
• C. A - I, B - II, C - IV, D - III
• D. A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II

Hint:

To remember the order and concepts:

Zeroth \(\rightarrow\) Temperature (the basis)
First \(\rightarrow\) Energy (conservation)
Second \(\rightarrow\) Entropy (direction/disorder)
Third \(\rightarrow\) Absolute Zero (entropy's baseline)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires matching each of the four fundamental laws of thermodynamics with the primary physical concept it defines or is most closely associated with.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:


A. First Law of Thermodynamics: This law is a statement of the conservation of energy, applied to thermodynamic systems. It introduces internal energy (U) as a state function, with the relation \(\Delta U = Q - W\). Therefore, A matches II.
B. Second Law of Thermodynamics: This law describes the direction of spontaneous processes and the concept of irreversibility. It introduces the state function of entropy (S) to quantify this. Therefore, B matches III.
C. Third Law of Thermodynamics: This law establishes an absolute scale for entropy by stating that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero. This is also known as the Nernst Theorem. Therefore, C matches IV.
D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: This law states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law provides the formal definition of temperature as a fundamental property. Therefore, D matches I.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching is: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.