The reactions listed in the question involve different reagents and conditions, each causing specific transformations in the aromatic compounds. Here is the step-by-step breakdown of the transformations:
1. A (Phenol + Zn):
The reaction of phenol with zinc (Zn) at elevated temperatures typically leads to the reduction of the hydroxyl group (-OH) and the formation of benzene. Hence, A corresponds to Benzene (II).
2. B (Phenol with Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4):
This reaction is an oxidation reaction where phenol undergoes oxidation by chromic acid (Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4), forming Benzquinone (I) as a product.
3. C (Phenol with CHCl3/NaOH, followed by H+):
The reaction of phenol with chloroform (CHCl3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) followed by acidification leads to the formation of Salicylaldehyde (IV), which is an aldehyde derivative of phenol.
4. D (Phenol with NaOH, followed by (ii) CO2 under H+):
- This reaction involves the formation of Salicylic acid (III) through a Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, where phenol is first treated with sodium hydroxide and then carbon dioxide is added under acidic conditions to produce the carboxylated derivative.
Thus, the correct matching is:
A - II (Benzene from phenol + Zn)
B - I (Benzquinone from phenol with Na2Cr2O7)
C - IV (Salicylaldehyde from phenol with CHCl3/NaOH)
D - III (Salicylic acid from phenol with NaOH and CO2)
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