Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Type of Agriculture)	List-II (Major Crop)
(A) Plantation Agriculture	(II) Sugarcane
(B) Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation	(I) Wheat
(C) Mediterranean	(IV) Citrus Fruits
(D) Truck Farming	(III) Vegetables

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A)-(II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• B. (A)-(I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
• C. (A)-(II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• D. (A)-(III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The question requires us to match types of agriculture from List-I with their corresponding major crops from List-II. Let's carefully evaluate the matches: 

• Plantation Agriculture: Usually associated with crops such as tea, coffee, or sugarcane that are grown on large estates for commercial purposes. Therefore, it aligns best with II) Sugarcane.
• Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation: This involves the large-scale cultivation of grain crops like wheat, which are typically grown in spacious areas with the aim for export. Hence, it matches with I) Wheat.
• Mediterranean Agriculture: This type of agriculture is known for growing crops like olives, grapes, and citrus fruits, which thrive in the Mediterranean climate. Consequently, it pairs well with IV) Citrus Fruits.
• Truck Farming: Also known as market gardening, it involves the production of vegetables for sale in local markets. Thus, it corresponds to III) Vegetables.

The correct matching sequence according to the options provided is:

(A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Answer 2

The types of agriculture practiced in various regions are often determined by climate, topography, and the resources available. These agricultural systems are tailored to meet the local demand for specific products and adapt to the environmental conditions. Below are some examples of agricultural practices and the crops associated with them:

• Plantation Agriculture: This type of agriculture involves large-scale cultivation of crops like Sugarcane, typically in tropical regions. It is characterized by monoculture farming, where a single crop is grown for export. Plantation agriculture is labor-intensive and requires a tropical climate, making regions such as South and Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, and Central America suitable for sugarcane cultivation.
• Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation: This practice is primarily associated with Wheat cultivation in temperate regions, where large areas of land are used for growing grains. The focus is on high yield and efficiency, with modern machinery employed to manage vast expanses of farmland. Countries like the United States, Canada, and Russia are major producers of wheat, and this method of agriculture is highly mechanized and capital-intensive.
• Mediterranean Agriculture: This type of agriculture is practiced in regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, thrive in this climate. Countries like Spain, Italy, and Greece are known for citrus production, and the cultivation of these fruits is well-suited to the region's unique climate and soil conditions.
• Truck Farming: This type of farming is associated with the cultivation of Vegetables in small-scale, high-value operations. It is often practiced in regions with a moderate climate, where crops like tomatoes, lettuce, carrots, and beans are grown intensively for local and regional markets. Truck farming typically involves the use of advanced farming techniques and is common in areas like the United States (particularly in California) and parts of Europe.

Each of these agricultural practices plays a vital role in meeting both local and global food demands. They are shaped by the geographical and climatic conditions of the regions in which they are practiced, demonstrating how agriculture evolves in response to the environment.