Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Concept)	List-II (Proposed by)
(A) Ecology	(II) Norman Myers
(B) Ecosystem	(IV) Ernst Haeckel
(C) Human population growth	(I) Sir Arthur Tansley
(D) Hot spots	(III) T R Malthus

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To solve the problem of matching concepts with the individuals who proposed them, we need to identify the historically accurate connections based on our knowledge of environmental studies: 

• A) Ecology - This concept was introduced by Ernst Haeckel. Therefore, Ecology matches with IV.
• B) Ecosystem - The term "ecosystem" was coined by Sir Arthur Tansley. Thus, Ecosystem matches with I.
• C) Human population growth - This was extensively studied by T R Malthus. Consequently, Human population growth matches with III.
• D) Hot spots - The concept of biological hotspots was proposed by Norman Myers. Hence, Hot spots correspond with II.

Matching these correctly, we get:

• (A) - (IV)
• (B) - (I)
• (C) - (III)
• (D) - (II)

Thus, the correct answer is: (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (II)

Answer 2

The correct matching of concepts with their proposers is (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).

Additional Context:

• (A) Ecology: Ernst Haeckel (II)
  • Coined in 1866 in "Generelle Morphologie"
  • Derived from Greek "oikos" (house) and "logos" (study)
• (B) Ecosystem: Sir Arthur Tansley (III)
  • Introduced in 1935 paper
  • Integrated biotic and abiotic components
• (C) Human population growth: T R Malthus (IV)
  • Proposed in 1798 "Essay on Population"
  • Population grows geometrically, food arithmetically
• (D) Hot spots: Norman Myers (I)
  • Concept introduced in 1988
  • Regions with high endemism and habitat loss
• Historical Significance:
  • Haeckel: Linked evolution and ecology
  • Tansley: Foundation for systems ecology
  • Malthus: Influenced Darwin's natural selection
  • Myers: Guided global conservation priorities
• Modern Applications:
  • 36 biodiversity hotspots now recognized
  • Malthusian concepts inform carrying capacity studies

Correct Answer: (3) (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I).