Step 1: Understanding the Question:
We need to match the type of magnetic property with the correct example compound or molecule. Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
This requires knowledge of the definitions of different magnetic properties and standard examples for each.
Diamagnetism: Weakly repelled by magnetic fields. Occurs in substances with all paired electrons.
Paramagnetism: Weakly attracted by magnetic fields. Occurs in substances with one or more unpaired electrons.
Ferrimagnetism: Strongly attracted by magnetic fields. Occurs when magnetic moments of domains are aligned in parallel and anti-parallel directions in unequal numbers, resulting in a net magnetic moment.
Antiferromagnetism: Net magnetic moment is zero. Occurs when magnetic moments of domains are aligned in anti-parallel directions in equal numbers.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each example:
(i) MnO: In manganese(II) oxide, the magnetic moments of the Mn\(^{2+}\) ions align in an antiparallel but equal manner. This is the definition of antiferromagnetism. So, (d)-(i).
(ii) O\(_2\): According to Molecular Orbital Theory, the oxygen molecule has two unpaired electrons in its \(\pi^*\) antibonding orbitals. The presence of unpaired electrons makes O\(_2\) paramagnetic. So, (c)-(ii).
(iii) NaCl: In sodium chloride, both Na\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\) ions have completely filled electron shells (noble gas configuration). All electrons are paired. Therefore, NaCl is diamagnetic. So, (a)-(iii).
(iv) Fe\(_3\)O\(_4\) (Magnetite): This is a classic example of a ferrite. It has a spinel structure where Fe\(^{2+}\) and Fe\(^{3+}\) ions have magnetic moments that align antiparallelly, but the moments do not completely cancel out, leading to a large net magnetic moment. This property is known as ferrimagnetism. So, (b)-(iv). Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct matching is: (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i). This corresponds to option (A).
