Comprehension
It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon—the list of authors whose works are most widely taught—is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are bereft of crucial tools for revising the canon.

To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work.

Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day; thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith's play The Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon.

The range of Griffith's work meant that each student could become the world's leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith's Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A Wife in the Night in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid, serve to vaccinate the student — I hope for a lifetime — against credulous use of reference sources.
Question: 1

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

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For "primary purpose" questions, look at the overall structure of the passage. A "problem-solution" structure, like the one here, often points to an answer choice that includes words like "describe," "explain," or "propose" in relation to a problem or solution.
Updated On: Oct 4, 2025
  • revealing a commonly ignored deficiency
  • proposing a return to traditional terminology
  • describing an attempt to correct a shortcoming
  • assessing the success of a new pedagogical approach
  • predicting a change in a traditional teaching strategy
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the primary purpose or main idea of the entire passage. We need to identify the overall goal of the author in writing this text.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Read the passage to identify the central theme. The author starts by identifying a problem ("artificial aspects of the conventional course"), then describes a solution ("an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course"), and explains how and why it was implemented. This structure is key to finding the primary concern.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The passage begins by outlining a "shortcoming" in traditional scholarly methods courses: they are often artificial and don't provide an "authentic experience."
- The bulk of the passage is then dedicated to "describing an attempt to correct" this shortcoming—the experimental course focused on Elizabeth Griffith. The author details the course's design, rationale, and the benefits it offers.
- (A) is too narrow. The author does more than just reveal a deficiency; they describe a solution.
- (B) is incorrect. The author is describing a new, non-traditional approach, not a return to tradition.
- (D) is also too narrow. While the author's tone is positive, the passage is more descriptive than evaluative. It focuses on explaining what the new approach is, rather than formally assessing its overall success with data.
- (E) is incorrect. The author describes a current experiment, not a future prediction.
Therefore, the passage is best summarized as a description of an experimental course designed to fix a problem in traditional teaching.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The author's primary concern is to describe a new course that was created as an attempt to correct the shortcomings of the traditional approach.
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Question: 2

It can be inferred that the author of the passage expects that the experience of the student mentioned as having studied Wife in the Right would have which of the following effects?
 

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When a passage uses a strong metaphor, like "vaccinate the student," take a moment to decode it. A vaccine protects you from a disease. Here, the "disease" is credulity (gullibility), and the "protection" is skepticism.
Updated On: Oct 4, 2025
  • It would lead the student to disregard information found in the Bibliotheca Britannica. 
     

  • It would teach the student to question the accuracy of certain kinds of information sources when studying neglected authors.
  • It would teach the student to avoid the use of reference sources in studying neglected authors.
  • It would help the student to understand the importance of first editions in establishing the authorship of plays.
  • It would enhance the student's appreciation of the works of authors not included in the canon.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept: 
This is an inference question focused on a specific example in the passage. We need to determine the intended lesson or effect of the student's discovery of an error in a reference book. 
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach: 
Locate the relevant part of the passage. The last paragraph describes the student's experience and explicitly states the author's hope for the outcome: "Such experiences... serve to vaccinate the student... against credulous use of reference sources." We need to interpret what "vaccinate against credulous use" means. 
Step 3: Detailed Explanation: 
- "Credulous use" means believing things too easily or without proper evidence. To be "vaccinated" against this means to be protected from this tendency. In other words, the student learns to be skeptical and critical. 
- Option (B) perfectly captures this idea. The experience of finding a clear error in a published reference work teaches the student to "question the accuracy" of such sources, especially when dealing with neglected authors where errors are more common. 
- Option (A) is too strong. The goal is to question, not to completely "disregard" all information. Critical use is different from non-use. 
- Option (C) is also too extreme. The author does not suggest avoiding reference sources, but rather using them critically. 
- Option (D) is related, as a first edition was used, but the main point of the anecdote is the error in the secondary source Bibliotheca Britannica, not the importance of the primary source. 
- Option (E) is a broader goal of the course, but it is not the specific lesson learned from this particular incident of finding an error. 
Step 4: Final Answer: 
The author expects the student's shocking discovery to instill a healthy skepticism, teaching them to question the reliability of reference materials. 
 

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Question: 3

The author of the passage suggests that which of the following is a disadvantage of the strategy employed in the experimental scholarly methods course?

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Look for concession words like "though," "although," or "while it is true that." These words often signal that the author is about to acknowledge a downside of their preferred approach or an upside of the approach they are criticizing.
Updated On: Oct 4, 2025
  • Students were not given an opportunity to study women writers outside the canon.
  • Students' original work would not be appreciated by recognized scholars.
  • Little scholarly work has been done on the work of Elizabeth Griffith.
    (D) Most of the students in the course had had little opportunity to study eighteenth-century literature.
    (E) Students were not given an opportunity to encounter certain sources of information that could prove useful in their future studies.
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The Correct Option is

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks us to identify a disadvantage of the new, experimental course as acknowledged by the author.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
The passage is structured as a comparison. The author contrasts the new course with the "conventional course." Often, in such comparisons, the author will concede a point or mention a trade-off. We need to find where the author admits a benefit of the old course that was lost in the new one.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- In the second paragraph, the author describes abandoning the traditional method: "...the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources."
- This sentence explicitly states the advantage of the old system that was given up. The disadvantage of the new, focused system is therefore the loss of this broad, albeit superficial, exposure.
- Option (E) rephrases this idea perfectly. By focusing deeply on one author, "Students were not given an opportunity to encounter certain sources of information [the 'wide range'] that could prove useful in their future studies."
- (A) is incorrect; the course was specifically about a woman writer outside the canon.
- (B) is not mentioned in the passage.
- (C) is mentioned as an advantage of the new course (it provided a "clear field"), not a disadvantage.
- (D) is not mentioned or implied.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The author concedes that by abandoning the broad survey method of the traditional course, the experimental course forgoes the benefit of introducing students to a wide variety of reference sources.
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Question: 4

Which of the following best states the "particular pedagogical purpose" mentioned in line 28?

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Pay attention to the specific wording of the question. "Pedagogical purpose" means "teaching purpose." This directs you to look for the answer that focuses on what the students are meant to learn or how they are meant to develop, rather than on broader outcomes like changing the literary canon.
Updated On: Oct 4, 2025
  • To assist scholars in revising the canon of authors
  • To minimize the trivial aspects of the traditional scholarly methods course
  • To provide students with information about Griffith's work
    (D) To encourage scholarly rigor in students' own research
    (E) To reestablish Griffith's reputation as an author
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks us to define the specific "pedagogical purpose" (teaching goal) for which the writer Elizabeth Griffith was chosen as the subject of the course.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We must look at the context surrounding line 28. The sentences immediately preceding line 28 define the goal of the course. The "pedagogical purpose" is the implementation of this goal.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The passage states that the experimental course was designed "to give them [students] an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work."
- This is the core teaching goal. Choosing Griffith served this purpose because her obscurity and the state of her texts created a perfect environment for students to do real, original research, make their own discoveries, and learn the scholarly process firsthand.
- Option (D), "To encourage scholarly rigor in students' own research," is a perfect summary of this goal. The "authentic experience" is one that requires rigor, and making students "take responsibility" is a way of encouraging it.
- (A) and (E) are potential outcomes or larger academic goals, but they are not the immediate pedagogical (teaching) purpose of the course, which is focused on student development.
- (B) describes a reason for creating the course, not the purpose of choosing Griffith specifically.
- (C) is too simplistic. The goal was not just to transmit information about Griffith, but to use her as a subject for students to learn research skills.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The choice of Elizabeth Griffith served the specific teaching goal of creating an environment where students could engage in genuine research, thereby fostering scholarly rigor and responsibility.
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