Question

Intellectual disability: 
Diagnostic evaluation. 
 

Hint:

Early identification through developmental screenings and IQ testing is essential for providing timely support to children with intellectual disabilities.

Answer 1

Step 1: Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability.
Intellectual disability is diagnosed based on clinical criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The diagnosis involves:
1. Deficits in intellectual functioning: This is measured by standardized IQ tests, where an IQ below 70-75 indicates intellectual disability.
2. Deficits in adaptive behavior: Assessment of adaptive skills (self-care, communication, social skills, etc.) is necessary, often done through standardized questionnaires and interviews with caregivers or teachers.
3. Onset during developmental period: The onset of intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits must occur before the age of 18.

Step 2: Evaluation Process.
1. Medical History and Physical Examination: A comprehensive medical history and physical exam should be conducted to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could contribute to developmental delays or cognitive impairments.
2. Genetic Testing: In some cases, genetic testing (e.g., for Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome) may be performed if a genetic cause is suspected.
3. Psychological Testing: Standardized IQ tests (e.g., Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) are used to assess cognitive abilities and determine the level of intellectual impairment.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The diagnostic evaluation for intellectual disability includes standardized IQ tests, assessment of adaptive behavior, a thorough medical history, physical examination, and possibly genetic testing.