Question

Intellectual disability: 
Clinical manifestations. 
 

Hint:

Early intervention with educational support and therapies can significantly improve adaptive functioning in children with intellectual disabilities.

Answer 1

Step 1: Defining Intellectual Disability.
Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which affect a person's ability to perform daily activities and function independently.

Step 2: Clinical Manifestations of Intellectual Disability.
1. Delayed developmental milestones: Children with ID may exhibit delays in motor, speech, and social development. For example, they may take longer to sit, stand, walk, or talk compared to their peers.
2. Cognitive impairments: These include difficulties with reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract thinking. Individuals may have challenges with schoolwork, understanding complex concepts, and adapting to new situations.
3. Adaptive behavior deficits: This includes limitations in practical skills such as self-care (e.g., dressing, feeding), social interactions, and daily living skills.
4. Behavioral issues: Some individuals with ID may exhibit challenging behaviors, such as aggression, tantrums, or self-harming behaviors, often due to difficulties in communication or frustration.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The clinical manifestations of intellectual disability are characterized by developmental delays, cognitive impairments, deficits in adaptive behavior, and sometimes challenging behaviors.