Question

Indication and impact on survival of risk reduction surgery in female cancer patients.

Hint:

Risk reduction surgery, such as mastectomy and oophorectomy, has been shown to significantly reduce cancer risk and improve survival in women with genetic predispositions like BRCA mutations.

Answer 1

Risk reduction surgery is commonly considered in female cancer patients who are at high risk of developing cancer due to genetic predisposition, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This surgical approach aims to reduce the risk of developing certain cancers, such as breast or ovarian cancer, in at-risk individuals.
Step 1: Indication for Surgery:
1. Genetic Predisposition: Women with BRCA mutations are at significantly higher risk for breast and ovarian cancers. Prophylactic surgeries, such as mastectomy (breast removal) or oophorectomy (ovary removal), may be recommended. 2. Family History: A strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer can also indicate the need for risk-reduction surgery, especially if the patient carries genetic mutations that increase their risk.
Step 2: Impact on Survival:
1. Improved Survival Rates: Prophylactic mastectomies and oophorectomies significantly reduce the risk of cancer development and improve overall survival rates by preventing cancer in high-risk individuals. 2. Psychosocial Considerations: While these surgeries reduce the risk of cancer, they may also have psychological and hormonal effects, such as early menopause, which need to be carefully managed.