The rise of Dravidian parties to challenge the Congress system took place primarily in Tamil Nadu. The Dravidian movement gained momentum in the mid-20th century and led to the formation of influential political parties like the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), which successfully challenged the dominance of the Indian National Congress in the state