Question:

In which of following groups of plants, the life cycle includes the gametophytic phase which is dominant, photosynthetic, independent and sexually reproducing?

Updated On: Jun 21, 2022
  • Angiosperms
  • Gymnosperms
  • Bryophyta
  • Pteridophyta
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Main plant body of a bryophyte is gametophyte. Due to presence of chlorophyll it is photosynthetic and autotrophic in nature. 'It. is the dominant phase which produces gametes. Sporophyte develops from zygote formed by gamete fusion and is partially or totally dependent upon gametophyte for nutrition and remainsattached to it throughout the life. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, gametophyte is completely dependent on the sporophyte. In pteridophytes, gametophyte is independent but is not the dominant phase in life cycle.
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Concepts Used:

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology in flowering plants tells us that every plant has two systems such as a root system and a shoot system. The root system digs deep into the ground and structures a system of its own. On the other hand, the shoot system is the one that is above ground level and includes various plant parts. 

Root System

The descending part of the plant grows under the soil roots. During the germination process, the radicle from the seed grows earthward and branches out. The branches along with the primary root are called the root system. Roots lack chlorophyll and therefore they are not green in color. Roots are positively geotropic and hydrotropic, that is, they grow downwards ground and water, and negatively phototropic, which is growing away from light.

There are three types of root systems found in plants are as follows:

  1. TapRoot System
  2. Fibrous Root System
  3. Adventitious Root System

Shoot System

The stem is also an essential element of the plant. It is the ascending portion of the plant axis that bears branches, flowers, leaves, and fruits, as well as aiding in water and mineral conduction. It is the plant's aerial portion, brought about from an embryo's plumule or germinating seeds. Young stems are ordinarily green, but they finally turn woody and brown.