
Let us analyze the given logic circuit and find the values of \( X \) and \( Y \).
The first AND gate has inputs \( A \) and \( B \). The output \( E \) will be:
\[ E = A \cdot B. \]
The second AND gate has inputs \( A \) and \( E \) (output from the first gate). The output \( X \) will be:
\[ X = A \cdot E = A \cdot (A \cdot B) = A^2 \cdot B. \]
The OR gate takes inputs \( A \) and \( B \) and gives the output \( Y \):
\[ Y = A + B. \]
| A | B | E | X | Y | |---|---|---|---|---| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Thus, the values of \( X \) and \( Y \) for \( A = 1 \) and \( B = 1 \) are \( X = 1 \) and \( Y = 1 \). The correct answer is Option (1).

The output (Y) of the given logic implementation is similar to the output of an/a …………. gate.
Consider the following logic circuit.
The output is Y = 0 when :

A square loop of sides \( a = 1 \, {m} \) is held normally in front of a point charge \( q = 1 \, {C} \). The flux of the electric field through the shaded region is \( \frac{5}{p} \times \frac{1}{\varepsilon_0} \, {Nm}^2/{C} \), where the value of \( p \) is: