In the manufacture of NaOH, by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the cathode and anode are separated by using a diaphragm because
- it prevents the reaction between $\ce{NaOH}$ and $\ce{Cl_2}$
- it increases the yield of products?
- it prevents the mixing of $\ce{NaCl}$ and $\ce{NaOH}$
- it prevents the reaction between $Na$ and $Cl_2$.
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
At cathode : $ {2Na^+ + 2e^- -> 2Na}$
At anode : $ {2Cl^- -> Cl_2 + 2e^-}$
Overall reaction : {$2Na^+ $+ $2Cl_2$ -> $2Na + $$Cl_2$}
Therefore, in the construction of Down's cell, anode and cathode are separated from each other by a cylindrical steel gauze diaphragm so that $ {Na}$ and $ {Cl_2}$ are kept apart. ?
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Concepts Used:
Group 1 Elements
Group one of alkali metals is s-block elements with just one electron in their s-orbital. They are are alkali metals. They are named so because of the alkaline nature of the hydroxides and oxides.
Alkali metals are characterized by one s-electron in the valence shell of their atoms.
Alkali metals have a corresponding [Noble gas] ns1 electronic configuration. They occupy the first column of the periodic table. Alkali elements are:
- Lithium(Li)
- Sodium(Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Rubidium (Ru)
- Cesium (Cs)
- Francium (Fr)
They have occupied successive periods from first to seven. Francium is a radioactive element with very low half-life.
Electronic Configuration:
- Alkali metals have one electron in their valence shell.
- The electronic configuration is given by ns1. For example, the electronic configuration of lithium is given by 1ns1 2ns1.
- They tend to lose the outer shell electron to form cations with charge +1 (monovalent ions).
This makes them the most electropositive elements and due to the same reason, they are not found in the pure state.