Question

In Kāṣmīra Śaivism, Śiva is the only reality which assumes forms in cosmic manifestations. How many principles (tattvas) of cosmic manifestations does Kāṣmīra Śaivism admit?

• A. 36
• B. 25
• C. 11
• D. 5

Hint:

In Indian metaphysical systems, "tattvas" are fundamental realities or principles. Kāṣmīra Śaivism is unique in expanding the classical 25 tattvas (as in Sāṅkhya) to 36 to account for deeper spiritual processes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the framework of Kāṣmīra Śaivism.
Kāṣmīra Śaivism is a school of non-dualistic philosophy within the broader Shaiva tradition. It posits that Śiva is the sole reality, and the entire universe is a manifestation of Śiva’s divine energy.

Step 2: Number of tattvas (principles).
Kāṣmīra Śaivism recognizes a total of 36 tattvas or principles, which describe the gradual process of cosmic manifestation — from the purest spiritual level to the most material.

These tattvas are categorized into:
- 5 Pure Tattvas (Śuddha Tattvas)
- 7 Pure-Impure Tattvas (Śuddhāśuddha Tattvas)
- 24 Impure Tattvas (Aśuddha Tattvas)

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct number of tattvas in Kāṣmīra Śaivism is 36.