Question

In J. S. Mill's articulation of utilitarianism which of the following statements about justice are valid?

• A. Standards of justice stand higher in the scale of social utility
• B. The just and the expedient are divided by an imaginary distinction
• C. Social duty can become so important as to overrule any one of general maxims of justice
• D. Utilitarianism prioritises expediency over justice

Hint:

In utilitarianism, justice plays a key role in balancing social utility, and Mill maintains that it holds a stronger position in moral decisions than mere expediency.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, C

Why (A) is correct: In Utilitarianism, Mill treats justice as the most vital part of utility, protecting security and rights; hence its standards "stand higher" on the scale of social utility.
Why (C) is correct: Mill allows that exceptional social duties (e.g., self-preservation, saving many lives) may override a particular maxim of justice in rare emergencies—still justified by the higher utility at stake.
Why (B) is incorrect: Mill does not say the just/expedient divide is imaginary; he explains justice as a distinct and stronger obligation within utility, not a mere illusion.
Why (D) is incorrect: Mill does not rank expediency above justice; rather, justice has the highest utility weight, so utilitarianism does not simply prioritise expediency.