Primary coil of a transformer is connected to 220 V ac. Primary and secondary turns of the transforms are 100 and 10 respectively. Secondary coil of transformer is connected to two series resistance shown in shown in figure. The output voltage (V0) is :
- 15 V
- 7 V
- 44 V
- 22 V
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Calculate the Secondary Voltage Using the Turns Ratio: The turns ratio for a transformer is given by:
\(\frac{\epsilon_1}{\epsilon_2} = \frac{N_1}{N_2}\)
Substitute \(N_1 = 100\), \(N_2 = 10\), and \(\epsilon_1 = 220 \, V\):
\(\epsilon_2 = \frac{N_2}{N_1} \times \epsilon_1 = \frac{10}{100} \times 220 = 22 \, V\)
Determine the Equivalent Resistance of the Load: The load consists of two resistances, \(15 \, \Omega\) and \(7 \, \Omega\), connected in series:
\(R_{eq} = 15 + 7 = 22 \, \Omega\)
Calculate the Current in the Secondary Circuit: Using Ohm’s law for the secondary circuit:
\(I = \frac{\epsilon_2}{R_{eq}} = \frac{22 \, V}{22 \, \Omega} = 1 \, A\)
Calculate the Output Voltage Across the 7 \( \Omega \) Resistor: The output voltage \(V_0\) across the \(7 \, \Omega\) resistor is:
\(V_0 = I \times 7 = 1 \, A \times 7 \, \Omega = 7 \, V\).
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Concepts Used:
Resistance
Resistance is the measure of opposition applied by any object to the flow of electric current. A resistor is an electronic constituent that is used in the circuit with the purpose of offering that specific amount of resistance.
R=V/I
In this case,
v = Voltage across its ends
I = Current flowing through it
All materials resist current flow to some degree. They fall into one of two broad categories:
- Conductors: Materials that offer very little resistance where electrons can move easily. Examples: silver, copper, gold and aluminum.
- Insulators: Materials that present high resistance and restrict the flow of electrons. Examples: Rubber, paper, glass, wood and plastic.
Resistance measurements are normally taken to indicate the condition of a component or a circuit.
- The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow. If abnormally high, one possible cause (among many) could be damaged conductors due to burning or corrosion. All conductors give off some degree of heat, so overheating is an issue often associated with resistance.
- The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow. Possible causes: insulators damaged by moisture or overheating.