Question

In addition to introducing the topic, what is the purpose of the first paragraph in this passage?

• A. To describe the dire plight of students who cannot learn languages well
• B. To make a concession and present reasons why people dislike language exams in graduate school
• C. To explain the the justifications for delaying graduate school language exams for several years
• D. To discuss the various means of language examinations used in graduate schools
• E. To advocate on behalf of an elimination of graduate school language exams

Hint:

In argumentative writing, the opening paragraph often serves to build a connection with the reader by acknowledging a shared understanding or a common complaint. This makes the author appear reasonable and their subsequent argument more persuasive.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question asks for the specific function of the first paragraph, beyond just introducing the topic. We need to analyze what rhetorical role this paragraph plays in the author's larger argument.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The first paragraph is entirely focused on the negative aspects of language exams for students. It uses words like "frustrating and difficult," "difficult course load," and "very frustrating." It details the heavy reading and writing assignments to show why adding language exams is such a burden. By doing this, the author is showing the reader that they understand the students' perspective and the validity of their complaints. This is a rhetorical strategy known as concession, where you acknowledge the points of the opposing side before presenting your own argument.
Let's analyze the options:
- (A) It describes the plight of all graduate students facing the requirement, not just those who are bad at languages.
- (B) This is the most accurate description. The author concedes that the frustrations are real and explains the reasons for them (heavy workload).
- (C) The paragraph does not mention delaying exams.
- (D) The paragraph does not discuss different types of exams.
- (E) The paragraph presents reasons for disliking the exams, but it does so as a setup for the author's defense, not as an argument for elimination. The author's actual position is the opposite of this.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The first paragraph's primary purpose is to concede the difficulty of language exams and explain why students find them frustrating, setting the stage for the counterargument in the second paragraph. Option (B) correctly identifies this purpose.