If the equation of the circle whose radius is 3 units and which touches internally the circle $$ x^2 + y^2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 $$ at the point $(-1, -1)$ is $$ x^2 + y^2 + px + qy + r = 0, $$ then $p + q - r$ is:
A particle is moving in a straight line. The variation of position $ x $ as a function of time $ t $ is given as:
$ x = t^3 - 6t^2 + 20t + 15 $.
The velocity of the body when its acceleration becomes zero is:
Evaluate the following limit: $ \lim_{n \to \infty} \prod_{r=3}^n \frac{r^3 - 8}{r^3 + 8} $.
In the given cycle ABCDA, the heat required for an ideal monoatomic gas will be: