Question

If the B – H curves of two samples of X and Y of iron are as shown below, then which one of the following statement is correct? 

• A. Both X and Y are suitable for making electromagnets.
• B. Both X and Y are suitable for making permanent magnets.
• C. X is suitable for making permanent magnet and Y for making electromagnet.
• D. X is suitable for making electromagnet and Y is suitable for permanent magnet.

Hint:

When analyzing B-H curves, remember: - Materials with a steep curve and low saturation are better for electromagnets. - Materials with a high residual magnetism and slower saturation are better for permanent magnets.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The B-H curve represents the magnetic behavior of a material. The curve shows the relationship between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H). 
Step 1: The shape of the B-H curve for Sample X shows a higher saturation magnetization, indicating that it retains a higher residual magnetism after being magnetized. This is a characteristic of materials suitable for making permanent magnets. 
Step 2: On the other hand, the B-H curve for Sample Y shows a lower saturation magnetization and a relatively steeper slope, indicating that it is more easily magnetized and demagnetized. This is a characteristic of materials suitable for making electromagnets, which require easy switching of magnetization. 
Step 3: Therefore, Sample X is more suited for making permanent magnets, while Sample Y is more suited for making electromagnets. Thus, the correct answer is \( \boxed{{C}} \).