Step 1: Understanding the volume of the parallelepiped.
The volume \( V \) of a parallelepiped with coterminous edges \( \mathbf{a}, \mathbf{b}, \mathbf{c} \) is given by the scalar triple product:
\[
V = | \mathbf{a} \cdot (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}) |.
\]
The volume of the new parallelepiped formed by the vectors \( \mathbf{a} + 2\mathbf{b}, \mathbf{b} + 2\mathbf{c}, \mathbf{c} + 2\mathbf{a} \) can be found by using the properties of the scalar triple product.
Step 2: Applying the identity.
Using the distributive property of the scalar triple product, we calculate the volume, which turns out to be 36 units\(^3\). Thus, the correct answer is option (A).