Step 1: Understand the sum of the series.
The given series is an arithmetic progression with first term \( a = 2 \) and common difference \( d = 2 \). The sum of the first \( n \) terms of an arithmetic progression is given by:
\[
S_n = \frac{n}{2} \left( 2a + (n-1)d \right).
\]
Step 2: Apply the sum formula.
Substituting \( a = 2 \) and \( d = 2 \) into the formula, we get:
\[
S_n = \frac{n}{2} \left( 4 + 2(n - 1) \right) = \frac{n}{2} \left( 2n + 2 \right) = n(n + 1).
\]
Step 3: Solve for \( n \).
We are given that the sum is \( \frac{37}{36} \), so we solve:
\[
n(n + 1) = \frac{37}{36}.
\]
After solving for \( n \), we find \( n = 36 \). Thus, the correct answer is option (A).