An ecological pyramid graphically represents the quantitative relationships of energy, biomass, or number of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Producers occupy the pyramid's base, supporting consumers above them. The structure depicts energy flow, biomass distribution, or organism abundance. Energy pyramids are always upright, reflecting energy loss at successive trophic levels. Biomass and number pyramids can be upright or inverted, depending on the ecosystem type. Ecological pyramids are critical for understanding energy transfer and ecosystem dynamics.
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