Question

How does Humayun Kabir define civilization?

Hint:

Remember the body-soul analogy used by Kabir. Civilization is the physical body (the societal structure), while Culture is the soul (the artistic and intellectual expression). One cannot exist without the other.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question is from the essay 'The Unity of Indian Culture'. Humayun Kabir makes a crucial distinction between the terms 'civilization' and 'culture'.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Kabir defines civilization as the material and structural framework of a society. It includes:
- Organization: Laws, government, and social systems that ensure order.
- Technology: Tools, machinery, and infrastructure that make life easier and safer.
According to him, civilization is the prerequisite for culture. It creates an environment of peace, order, and leisure, which then allows people to pursue higher intellectual, artistic, and spiritual activities, which constitute 'culture'.