Question

How can the loss of biodiversity be prevented?

Hint:

The most effective way to protect biodiversity is to identify "hotspots"—regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism—and prioritize them for strict protection.

Answer 1

Step 1: In-situ Conservation: This involves protecting the endangered species in their natural habitat. Examples include the establishment of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, and Sacred Groves.
Step 2: Ex-situ Conservation: This involves taking threatened animals and plants out of their natural habitat and placing them in special settings where they can be protected and given special care. Examples include Zoological Parks, Botanical Gardens, and Wildlife Safari Parks.
Step 3: Advanced Methods: Gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation; eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods (Seed banks).
Step 4: International Efforts: Biodiversity knows no political boundaries. Strategies include strict legislation and international conventions like the Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) and the World Summit (Johannesburg, 2002).