"Heat cannot itself flow from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature ". This statement corresponds to
"Heat cannot itself flow from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature ". This statement corresponds to
- Conservation of mass
- Second law of Thermodynamics
- First law of Thermodynamics
- Conservation of Momentum
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
The statement corresponds to the (B) Second Law of Thermodynamics.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics:
The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle that governs the direction of heat transfer and the behavior of energy in systems. It states that heat naturally flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. This law implies that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body without external work or energy input.
In other words:
- Heat flows from hot objects to cold objects naturally.
- For heat to flow from cold to hot, work must be done on the system such as in refrigeration or heat pumps.
Therefore, the correct answer is: (B) Second law of Thermodynamics.
Approach Solution -2
Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature. This is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
The second law of thermodynamics essentially states that the direction of heat flow is always from a hotter body to a cooler body, and it cannot occur naturally in the reverse direction without external work being done.
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Concepts Used:
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter.
Important Terms
System
A thermodynamic system is a specific portion of matter with a definite boundary on which our attention is focused. The system boundary may be real or imaginary, fixed or deformable.
There are three types of systems:
- Isolated System – An isolated system cannot exchange both energy and mass with its surroundings. The universe is considered an isolated system.
- Closed System – Across the boundary of the closed system, the transfer of energy takes place but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place. Refrigerators and compression of gas in the piston-cylinder assembly are examples of closed systems.
- Open System – In an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred between the system and surroundings. A steam turbine is an example of an open system.
Thermodynamic Process
A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some energetic change within the system that is associated with changes in pressure, volume and internal energy.
There are four types of thermodynamic process that have their unique properties, and they are:
- Adiabatic Process – A process in which no heat transfer takes place.
- Isochoric Process – A thermodynamic process taking place at constant volume is known as the isochoric process.
- Isobaric Process – A process in which no change in pressure occurs.
- Isothermal Process – A process in which no change in temperature occurs.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The First law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing three kinds of transfer of energy, as heat, as thermodynamic work, and as energy associated with matter transfer, and relating them to a function of a body's state, called internal energy.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second law of thermodynamics is a physical law of thermodynamics about heat and loss in its conversion.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics states, regarding the properties of closed systems in thermodynamic equilibrium: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero.