Question

Give two differences between ideal and non-ideal solution.

Hint:

Ideal solutions are rare (e.g., Benzene + Toluene). Most real solutions are non-ideal due to differences in intermolecular forces between solute and solvent.

Answer 1

1. Raoult's Law: Ideal solutions obey Raoult's law ($P_A = P_A^0 X_A$) over the entire range of concentration. Non-ideal solutions deviate (positively or negatively) from Raoult's law.
2. Thermodynamics of Mixing: For an ideal solution, the enthalpy of mixing ($\Delta H_{mix}$) is zero, and the volume of mixing ($\Delta V_{mix}$) is zero. For a non-ideal solution, $\Delta H_{mix} \neq 0$ and $\Delta V_{mix} \neq 0$.