Question

Give the name of the microbial source of the antibiotic chloromycetin.

Hint:

Though initially isolated from {Streptomyces venezuelae}, chloramphenicol is now predominantly synthesized through chemical processes for use in medicine.

Answer 1

Chloromycetin, also known as chloramphenicol, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. It holds the distinction of being the first antibiotic synthesized artificially and is effective against a diverse array of bacteria. 
Mode of Action: Chloramphenicol works by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, blocking peptide bond formation and thus inhibiting protein synthesis. 
Uses: This antibiotic is utilized to combat severe bacterial infections such as typhoid fever, meningitis, and ocular infections. 
Side Effects: Despite its effectiveness, the use of chloramphenicol is restricted due to severe side effects, including bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia.