Question:
Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol.
Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol.
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The oxidation test and iodoform test can help distinguish between primary and secondary alcohols. Primary alcohols are oxidized to carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols form ketones.
Updated On: Feb 28, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
A simple chemical test to distinguish between butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol is the oxidation test using potassium dichromate (\( K_2Cr_2O_7 \)) in acidic medium. Butan-1-ol will oxidize to butanoic acid, while butan-2-ol will oxidize to acetone.
Butan-1-ol: On oxidation, it gives a carboxylic acid, butanoic acid.
Butan-2-ol: On oxidation, it gives a ketone, acetone.
Another test is the reaction with iodine and NaOH:
Butan-1-ol gives a yellow precipitate of iodoform when treated with iodine and NaOH.
Butan-2-ol also gives a yellow precipitate of iodoform, but this reaction can differentiate based on the intensity of the reaction.
Butan-1-ol: On oxidation, it gives a carboxylic acid, butanoic acid.
Butan-2-ol: On oxidation, it gives a ketone, acetone.
Another test is the reaction with iodine and NaOH:
Butan-1-ol gives a yellow precipitate of iodoform when treated with iodine and NaOH.
Butan-2-ol also gives a yellow precipitate of iodoform, but this reaction can differentiate based on the intensity of the reaction.
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