Question

From an evolutionary point of view, one such artist who brought the divine characters to life is Nandalal Bose. From your course of study, answer the following for his artwork:
(a) Name the artwork, medium and two human values shown.
(b) Discuss how the artist has used colour and space to show the compositional arrangement. Explain.
(c) Name any four other artists apart from Nandalal Bose that were part of the national freedom struggle from your syllabus.

Hint:

For Nandalal Bose answers: Artwork (Haripura Posters) → Tempera/Wash → Swadeshi colours → Simplicity + nationalism → Name Bengal School artists.

Answer 1

(a) Name of Artwork, Medium and Two Human Values:

• Artwork: {Haripura Posters} (example: {Sita}, {Krishna}, village life themes)
• Artist: Nandalal Bose
• Medium: Tempera / Wash technique on paper

Two Human Values Reflected: 1. Simplicity and Cultural Pride: The artwork reflects Indian traditions and rural life, emphasizing simplicity and pride in indigenous culture. 2. Devotion and Moral Strength: By portraying divine and mythological characters in a humanized form, the artist conveys devotion, righteousness, and ethical living. (b) Use of Colour and Space in Composition: 1. Use of Earthy and Indigenous Colours: Nandalal Bose preferred natural and earthy tones such as:

• Ochres
• Browns
• Soft reds and greens

These colours reflect Indian soil and cultural roots, aligning with the Swadeshi spirit. 2. Flat yet Balanced Spatial Arrangement: The compositions often use:

• Flat backgrounds inspired by Ajanta murals
• Clear separation between figure and background

This creates clarity and focus on the subject. 3. Emphasis on Simplicity in Layout: The artist avoids overcrowding and uses minimal elements, allowing:

• Strong visual impact
• Easy narrative understanding

4. Rhythmic Flow of Forms: Curved lines and gentle contours create harmony and movement, making the figures appear lively yet serene. (c) Four Other Artists Associated with the Freedom Movement:

• Abanindranath Tagore
• Jamini Roy
• Ramkinkar Baij
• Benode Behari Mukherjee

These artists contributed to:

• Revival of Indian artistic identity
• Promotion of Swadeshi aesthetics
• Cultural nationalism during the freedom struggle

Conclusion: Nandalal Bose played a pivotal role in shaping modern Indian art by blending tradition with nationalism. Through simple compositions, indigenous colours, and spiritual themes, he brought divine and cultural narratives closer to common people while supporting India’s freedom movement through art.